O-rings are used in most fluid power connections, preventing leaks in fittings, valves, pumps, and cylinders of all types. They are used in pneumatic and hydraulic applications, in both static and dynamic systems. O-rings are more than just a rubber seal; many different kinds of materials are used for various applications. There are also many considerations when selecting material, most importantly, the combinations of the fitting and what you are transferring. Most O-rings are made of elastomers, yet some are made of metal. Material selection is based on chemical compatibility, application temperature, sealing pressure, durometer (hardness), and size.
Hydraulic fittings incorporating O-rings were introduced decades ago to wage war on the battle against leaks. They have lived up to the task, but because O-rings provide such a simple solution, many designers and technicians take them for granted and may even ignore common sense when using O-ring fittings.
Hydraulic fittings incorporating O-rings were introduced decades ago to wage war on the battle against leaks. They have lived up to the task, but because O-rings provide such a simple solution, many designers and technicians take them for granted and may even ignore common sense when using O-ring fittings.
Consider a hydraulic fitting with a Buna-N O-ring that has been stored in a parts bin for who knows how long, probably years. As is often the case, it's no longer sealed in its original bag. Now, what if that storage bin is outside in a Florida tool shed, where the average humidity in July can reach 80%?
Under the proper conditions, a Buna-N O-ring has a shelf life of 15 years, under appropriate circumstances. One of those conditions is that the humidity must be less than 75%. You can pretty much bet the fitting in question has been exposed to frequent moisture. Pull it out of the bin, put it into service, and you may be asking for trouble, leaks, damage to equipment, or worse.
Not all O-rings are created equal. Too often, they are just an afterthought, even though they are essential components that most systems depend on. A lot rides on each O-ring you purchase and put into service. If even one fails, an entire system may have to be shut down, the equipment could be damaged, and even personal injury can result.
The Shelf Life Of A Fitting Is Only As Long As Its O-Ring
The shelf life of an O-ring or other elastomeric seal begins with the manufactured date and depends on being properly packaged and stored under specific conditions, even when in the body of a fitting. The shelf life of rubber is not an exact science because it is significantly impacted by storage and handling. A common misconception is that fittings made of metal last forever in the box, provided they are not stored in a corrosive environment. Although that is true, to a point, if an unused fitting has an O-ring, its shelf life is only as long as that of the O-ring.